Wednesday, October 09, 2024 At 9.30 A.m.

Thirteenth Parliament

Third Session (No. 102) (1948)

REPUBLIC OF KENYA

THIRTEENTH PARLIAMENT – (THIRD SESSION)

THE SENATE

ORDER PAPER

MORNING SITTING

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 AT 9.30 AM

PRAYER

1. 1. Administration of Oath
2. 2. Communication from the Chair
3. 3. Messages
4. 4. Petitions
5. 5. Papers (as listed in the Appendix)
6. 6. Notices of Motion
7. 7. Questions and Statements (as listed in the Appendix)
8. 8. PROCEDURAL MOTION – TO HOLD SITTINGS ON MONDAY, 14TH

OCTOBER, 2024 AND ALTER THE HOURS OF MEETING ON TUESDAY,

15TH OCTOBER, 2024

(The Senate Majority Leader)

THAT, notwithstanding the Resolutions of the Senate made pursuant to Standing Order 32 on 15th February, 2024; 26th June, 2024; 19th August, 2024; and 17th September, 2024, on the approval of the Senate Calendar (Regular Sessions) for the Third Session, 2024, the Senate resolves –

i) pursuant to Standing Order 34 (4) (c), to hold sittings on Monday, 14th October, 2024 starting at 9.00 am to 1.00 pm and 2.30 pm until conclusion of Business listed in the Order Paper of the day; ii) pursuant to Standing Order 34 (4) (b), to hold a morning sitting on Tuesday, 15th October, 2024 starting at 9.00 am to 1.00 pm; and iii) pursuant to Standing Order 34 (4) (a), to extend its sitting time on Tuesday, 15th October, 2024 (afternoon Sitting) until conclusion of Business listed in the Order Paper of the day.

in order to investigate the proposed removal from office, by impeachment, of the Honourable (Dr). Erick Kipkoech Mutai, the Governor of Kericho County.

…………../Motion

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1949)

1. 9. MOTION - REPORT OF THE 9TH INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION (IPU)

GLOBAL CONFERENCE OF YOUNG PARLIAMENTARIANS HELD IN HANOI,

VIETNAM FROM 15TH TO 17TH SEPTEMBER, 2023

(Sen. John Methu, MP)

THAT, the Senate notes the Report of the 9th Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Global Conference of Young Parliamentarians held in Hanoi, Vietnam from 15th to 17th September, 2023 laid on the table of Senate on Tuesday, 5th March, 2024.

1. 10. MOTION - REPORTS OF THE KENYA DELEGATION TO THE 147TH AND

148TH ASSEMBLIES OF THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION (IPU) AND

RELATED MEETINGS HELD IN LUANDA, ANGOLA FROM 23RD TO 27TH

OCTOBER, 2023 AND IN GENEVA, SWITZERLAND FROM 23RD TO 27TH

MARCH, 2024

(Sen. Catherine Mumma, MP)

THAT, the Senate notes the Reports of the Kenya Delegation to the 147th and 148th Assemblies of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and related meetings held in –

i. Luanda, Angola from 23rd to 27th October, 2023, laid on the Table of the Senate on Thursday 29th February, 2024; and

ii. Geneva, Switzerland from 23rd to 27th March, 2024, laid on the Table of the Senate on Thursday, 30th May, 2024.

1. 11. MOTION

-

REPORT

OF

THE

KENYA

DELEGATION

TO

THE

EXTRAORDINARY SESSION OF THE SIXTH PARLIAMENT OF THE PAN-

AFRICAN PARLIAMENT (PAP) HELD AT THE GALLAGHER CONVENTION

CENTRE, MIDRAND, SOUTH AFRICA, FROM 20TH TO 27TH MARCH, 2024

(Sen. Danson Mungatana, MP)

THAT, the Senate notes the Report of the Kenya Delegation to the Extraordinary Session of the Sixth Parliament of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) held at the Gallagher Convention Centre, Midrand, South Africa, from 20th to 27th March, 2024, laid on the Table of the Senate on Wednesday, 24th April, 2024.

1. 12. MOTION – REPORT OF THE 14TH ORDINARY SESSION OF THE PLENARY

ASSEMBLY AND RELATED MEETINGS OF THE FORUM OF PARLIAMENTS

OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE GREAT LAKES REGION,

HELD IN LIVINGSTONE, ZAMBIA, FROM 15TH TO 19TH APRIL, 2024

(Sen. Ali Ibrahim Roba, MP)

THAT, the Senate notes the report of the 14th Ordinary Session of the Plenary Assembly and Related Meetings of the Forum of Parliaments of the

…………../Motion

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1950)

International Conference of the Great Lakes region, held in Livingstone, Zambia, from 15th to 19th April, 2024 laid on the Table of the Senate on Thursday, 30th May, 2024.

1. 13. MOTION - REPORT OF THE PARLIAMENTARY DELEGATION TO THE 2024

JOINT

UNITED

NATIONS

–

INTER-PARLIAMENTARY

UNION

PARLIAMENTARY

HEARING

HELD

AT

THE

UNITED

NATIONS

HEADQUARTERS IN NEW YORK, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FROM 8TH

TO 9TH FEBRUARY, 2024

(Sen. Veronica Maina, MP)

THAT, the Senate notes the Report of the Parliamentary Delegation to the 2024 Joint United Nations – Inter-Parliamentary Union Parliamentary Hearing held at the United Nations headquarters in New York, United States of America from 8th to 9th February, 2024 laid on the Table of the Senate on Tuesday, 17th September, 2024.

1. 14. MOTION - REPORTS OF THE 63RD AND 64TH SESSIONS OF THE OACPS

PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY AND THE 43RD AND 1ST SESSIONS OF THE

ACP-EU JOINT PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY MEETINGS HELD IN

BRUSSELS, BELGIUM AND LUANDA, ANGOLA RESPECTIVELY

(Sen. Kathuri Murungi, MP)

THAT, the Senate notes the Reports of the-

(i) 63rd Session of the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) Parliamentary Assembly and the 43rd Session of the African, Caribbean and Pacific -European Union (ACP-EU) Joint Parliamentary Assembly meetings in held Brussels, Belgium from 19th to 28th June, 2023; and

(ii) 64th Session of the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) Parliamentary Assembly and the 1st Session of the African, Caribbean and Pacific -European Union (ACP-EU) Joint Parliamentary Assembly meetings in held in Luanda, Angola from 17th to 21st February, 2024,

laid on the table of Senate on Wednesday, 6th December, 2023 and Wednesday, 2nd October, 2024 respectively.

1. 15. REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE PARLIAMENTARIANS’

DIALOGUE AT THE AFRICA CLIMATE SUMMIT, 2023 HELD IN THE

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY CHAMBER, PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, NAIROBI ON

3RD – 6TH SEPTEMBER, 2023

(Sen. Moses Kajwang’, MP)

THAT, the Senate notes the Report of the Proceedings of the Parliamentarians’ Dialogue at the Africa Climate Summit, 2023 held in the …………../Motion

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1951)

National Assembly Chamber, Parliament Buildings, Nairobi, on 3rd – 6th September, 2023, laid on the Table of the Senate on Wednesday, 2nd October, 2024.

1. 16. MOTION - ESTABLISHMENT OF A MONTHLY CAR FREE DAY AND

COUNTY CAR FREE ZONES

(Sen. Crystal Asige, MP)

THAT, AWARE THAT Kenyans have a right to a clean and healthy environment pursuant to Article 42 of the Constitution;

NOTING THAT the National Climate Change Action Plan identifies transportation as the fourth largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which if uncontrolled, will result to negative impact of climate change with adverse effect to millions of Kenyans;

CONCERNED THAT the number of private vehicles has significantly grown, leading to increased road accidents, carbon emission and vehicle congestion, costs of which are in excess of Kshs. 100 billion in GDP per year;

NOW THEREFORE the Senate urges the Ministry of Roads and Transport, Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Forestry, in collaboration with the Council of Governors and the National Climate Change Council to –

i.) identify, publicize and execute suitable monthly car-free days and County car-free zones in urban areas across the country; ii.) Identify and develop County car-free zones, also known as “pedestrians’ precincts”, in urbanized areas, where its infrastructure and activities are restricted to pedestrians alone;

iii.) provide affordable, safe and universally designed public transport access to and around these car-free zones, including, but not limited to, development of Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) in the urban areas;

iv.) Design inclusive mobility infrastructure that supports non – motorized transport facilities, such as pedestrian spaces, bicycle lanes and green spaces, within the Central Business District of every County; and

v.) ensure inter-modal connectivity among the various transport modes.

1. 17. MOTION - STOPPAGE OF FUNDS TO ISIOLO COUNTY DUE TO THE

FAILURE BY THE GOVERNOR TO HONOUR SENATE SUMMONSES

(Sen. Fatuma Dullo, MP)

…………../Motion

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1952)

THAT AWARE THAT, pursuant to Article 96 of the Constitution, the Senate represents the counties and serves to protect the interests of the counties and their governments, and that the Senate exercises oversight over national revenue allocated to the county governments;

FURTHER AWARE THAT, Article 124 of the Constitution establishes Committees to carry out specific mandates and that Article 125 of the Constitution gives any Committee the power to summon any person to appear before it for the purpose of giving evidence or providing information;

WHEREAS, the Senate Standing Committee on Health invited and later summoned the Governor of Isiolo County, Hon. Abdi Ibrahim Hassan, to respond to questions relating to, among others, the ongoing crisis at Isiolo Morgue, NHIF deductions and remittance status and total amount of pending bills owed to the county hospital, which invitation he failed to honour on 21st May, 2024 and similarly failed to honour the summonses on 28th May, 2024 and 10th June, 2024;

AND WHEREAS the Governor of Isiolo County failed to honour an invitation by the County Public Investments and Special Funds Committee to respond to issues raised in the Auditor-General’s Reports on Isiolo County Bursary Fund, the Isiolo County Emergency Fund and the Isiolo County Youth, Women and People with Disability Fund for the Financial Years 2019/2020, 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 on 28th May, 2024;

AND FURTHER WHEREAS the Governor of Isiolo County failed to honour five (5) invitations on diverse dates between 28th March, 2023 and 8th March, 2024 by the County Public Accounts Committee to respond to queries raised by the Auditor General in the Financial Statement of the County Executive of Isiolo for the Financial Years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021;

CONCERNED THAT following the numerous incidents of failure and or refusal by the Governor of Isiolo County to honour invitations and summonses, the County Public Accounts Committee scheduled for a meeting at Isiolo County offices on 8th March, 2024 which the Governor failed to attend;

FURTHER CONCERNED THAT the committees of the Senate, pursuant to Article 179 (4) of the Constitution, invited Governor Abdi Ibrahim Hassan in his capacity as the Chief Executive Officer of the County, and he failed and/ or refused to appear before the committees to answer the respective audit queries raised by the Auditor-General with respect to whether or not public monies have been applied lawfully and in an effective manner by the county government;

NOW THEREFORE, THE SENATE RESOLVES THAT –

…………../Motion

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1953)

1) pursuant to Article 228 (4) and (5) of the Constitution, the Controller of Budget should not authorize any withdrawal of public funds by the County Government of Isiolo until the Governor has responded to the issues raised in the summonses to the satisfaction of the Senate; and

2) the National Treasury, pursuant to Article 225 of the Constitution and Section 96 of the Public Finance Management Act, stops forthwith the transfer of funds to the County Government of Isiolo.

--------------

NOTICE

The Senate resolved on 14th February, 2024 as follows:-

THAT, pursuant to Standing Order 111 (1), the Senate resolves that debate on a Motion not sponsored by the Majority or Minority Party or a Committee shall be limited in the following manner:-

A maximum of three hours with not more than twenty minutes for the Mover, twenty minutes for the Majority Party Official Responder, twenty minutes for the Minority Party Official Responder and fifteen minutes for each other Senator speaking and that fifteen minutes before the time expires, the Mover shall be called upon to reply.

-----------XXX--------

…………../Appendix

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1954)

APPENDIX

QUESTIONS AND STATEMENTS

QUESTIONS

Question No. 099 The Senator for Nairobi City County (Sen. Edwin Sifuna, MP) to ask the Prime Cabinet Secretary and Cabinet Secretary for Foreign and Diaspora Affairs:

a) Could the Cabinet Secretary indicate the staffing levels, by cadre, at the Kenya Embassy in Washington DC, the two Kenya Consulates in Los Angeles and New York and outline the roles of staff serving in each cadre?

b) Could the Cabinet Secretary explain how the staffing levels have impacted the operational efficiency of the said diplomatic missions and clarify whether there are any plans to deploy additional staff?

c) Could the Cabinet Secretary also explain the delay in the issuance of national identity cards to Kenyans residing in the United States of America and state what the Ministry is doing to resolve the issue?

Question No. 091 The Senator for West Pokot County (Sen. Julius Murgor, MP) to ask the Cabinet Secretary for East African Community (EAC), the ASALS and Regional Development:

a) Could the Cabinet Secretary provide details of the socio-economic activities carried out by the Kerio Valley Development Authority (KVDA) in West Pokot County?

b) How many residents of West Pokot County have been employed by the KVDA on permanent and pensionable terms, and on a temporary basis, respectively?

c) Have the residents whose land was acquired by the government for the construction of the Turkwel dam been compensated and, if not, when will they be compensated?

d) Could the Cabinet Secretary state when irrigation of residents’ farms will commence, as promised by the Government during the construction of the dam?

…………../Appendix

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1955)

Question No. 049 Nominated Senator (Sen. George Mbugua, MP) to ask the Cabinet Secretary for Health: a) Could the Cabinet Secretary disclose details on the agreement between Kenya and Cuba concerning the exchange programme for doctors, providing a breakdown of the costs incurred by the Government of Kenya in executing the said programme?

b) How many doctors from Cuba have so far been deployed to Kenya under this agreement, and could the Cabinet Secretary state how many are presently serving in the country?

c) Could the Cabinet Secretary explain the benefits the country has accrued from the programme, and outline the challenges experienced in the execution of the agreement?

Question No. 075 Nominated Senator (Sen. Peris Tobiko, MP) to ask the Cabinet Secretary for Health:

a) What happened to the Linda Mama Initiative, which sought to achieve universal access to maternal and child health services?

b) Why did the Government discontinue the EduAfya insurance scheme, leaving poor and vulnerable students in public secondary schools without medical cover?

c) Are members of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) able to access services in all public and private medical facilities and, if not, could the Cabinet Secretary explain the reasons for the same?

Question No. 087 Nominated Senator (Sen. Peris Tobiko, MP) to ask the Cabinet Secretary for Health:

a) Could the Cabinet Secretary outline any initiatives to enhance the capacity of the Kenya healthcare system to provide specialized treatment for endometriosis?

b) What steps has the Ministry taken to raise awareness of the disease among primary healthcare providers and the general public and to address the stigmatization of period pain and other symptoms of the disease?

…………../Appendix

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1956)

c) What other measures has the Government put in place to ensure early diagnosis and proper treatment of endometriosis?

d) Could the Cabinet Secretary also explain what the Government has done to assist Kenyans who seek specialized treatment for the disease overseas, particularly in the United States of America, through the difficult and tedious visa application process?

Question No. 105 Nominated Senator (Sen. Peris Tobiko, MP) to ask the Cabinet Secretary for Health:

a) Have medical interns been paid their monthly stipend up to date and, if not, could the Cabinet Secretary explain the delay and state when the Government will streamline the process to guarantee timely payment?

b) What is the Ministry doing to improve the working conditions for medical interns, who currently handle heavy workloads and work for extremely long hours under intense psychological pressure?

c) Could the Cabinet Secretary provide an overview of the support systems and programmes currently being implemented by Government to address the physical and mental wellbeing of medical interns?

d) Could the Cabinet Secretary also explain what the Government is doing to ensure that the mentorship programme of medical interns effectively integrates both professional development and emotional support?

Question No. 076 The Senator for Uasin Gishu County (Sen. Jackson Mandago, MP) to ask the Cabinet Secretary for Health:

a) Could the Cabinet Secretary explain the current shortage of childhood vaccines in the country and provide a breakdown of the amount of each vaccine currently in stock vis-à-vis the demand?

b) What steps has the Government taken to prevent emergence of preventable childhood diseases, such as measles, in light of the shortage?

…………../Appendix

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1957)

c) What mitigating actions has the Government taken to offer immediate remedy to the situation and to ensure shortages of similar vaccines or other essential medical commodities, including antimalarial and antiretroviral (ARV) medication, does not recur? `

d) Could the Cabinet Secretary provide details on donor financing arrangements between the Government and development partners, particularly the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Global Fund, on the provision of vaccines and other essential medical commodities, and state any steps taken to reduce donor dependency?

Question No. 086 The Senator for Machakos County (Sen. Agnes Kavindu, MP) to ask the Cabinet Secretary for Health:

Could the Ministry consider conducting medical assessments on the surviving Kenyan victims of the 1998 bombing of the United States of America Embassy in Nairobi and rolling out a special programme to enable the victims get subsidized treatment in health facilities across the country?

---------------

……………../Notice Paper

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1958)

NOTICE PAPER

Tentative Business for

Wednesday, October 09, 2024 (Afternoon Sitting)

(Published pursuant to Standing Order 43 (1))

It is notified that the Senate Business Committee has approved the following tentative business to appear in the Order Paper for Wednesday, October 09, 2024 (Afternoon Sitting).

A. BILLS AT THE SECOND READING STAGE

i.

*THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES (CONTROL)

(AMENDMENT) BILL (SENATE BILLS NO. 1 OF 2024)

(Sen. Kathuri Murungi, MP)

ii.

*THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS ELECTION LAWS (AMENDMENT) BILL

(SENATE BILLS NO. 2 OF 2024)

(Sen. Crystal Asige, MP)

iii.

*THE COUNTY OVERSIGHT AND ACCOUNTABILITY BILL (SENATE BILLS

NO. 3 OF 2024)

(Sen. Ledama Olekina, MP and Sen. William Kisang, MP)

iv.

*THE COUNTY CIVIC EDUCATION BILL (SENATE BILLS NO. 4 OF 2024)

(Sen. Esther Okenyuri, MP)

v.

*THE COUNTY STATISTICS BILL (SENATE BILLS NO. 5 OF 2024)

(Sen. Ali Ibrahim Roba, MP)

vi.

*THE PROVISION OF SANITARY TOWELS BILL (SENATE BILLS NO. 7 OF

2024) (Sen. Gloria Orwoba, MP)

vii.

***THE STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS (AMENDMENT) BILL (SENATE BILLS

NO. 10 OF 2024)

(The Senate Majority Leader)

viii.

****THE COUNTY ASSEMBLIES PENSIONS SCHEME BILL (SENATE

BILLS NO. 14 OF 2024)

(The Senate Majority Leader)

ix.

*THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA (AMENDMENT) BILL (SENATE BILLS

NO. 17 OF 2024)

(Sen. Crystal Asige, MP)

…………/Appendix

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1959)

B. BILLS AT THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE STAGE

i.

***THE GAMBLING CONTROL BILL (NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BILLS NO. 70

OF 2023) (Division) (The Senate Majority Leader)

ii.

*THE MATERNAL, NEWBORN AND CHILD HEALTH BILL (SENATE BILLS

NO. 17 OF 2023)

(Sen. Beatrice Ogolla, MP)

iii.

****THE METEOROLOGY BILL (SENATE BILLS NO. 45 OF 2023)

(The Senate Majority Leader)

iv.

***THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY (AMENDMENT) BILL

(NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BILLS NO. 59 OF 2022)

(The Senate Majority Leader)

v.

***THE CANCER PREVENTION AND CONTROL (AMENDMENT) (NO. 2)

BILL (NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BILLS NO. 45 OF 2022)

(Sen. Samson Cherarkey, MP – Co- Sponsor)

vi.

*THE PUBLIC FINANCE MANAGEMENT (AMENDMENT) BILL (SENATE

BILLS NO. 40 OF 2023)

(Sen. Hamida Ali Kibwana, MP)

vii.

*THE FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICES PROFESSIONALS BILL (SENATE

BILLS NO. 55 OF 2023)

(Sen. Mohamed Abass Sheikh, MP)

viii.

***THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT (BICAMERAL RELATIONS) BILL

(NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BILLS NO. 44 OF 2023)

(The Senate Majority Leader)

C. MOTIONS

i.

CONSIDERATION OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AMENDMENTS TO THE

COUNTY GOVERNMENTS ADDITIONAL ALLOCATIONS BILL (SENATE

BILLS NO. 19 OF 2024)

(The Chairperson, Standing Committee on Finance and Budget)

ii.

REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENERGY ON ITS INQUIRY

INTO THE LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) EXPLOSION IN MRADI

AREA, EMBAKASI, NAIROBI CITY COUNTY

(The Chairperson, Standing Committee on Energy)

iii.

REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON LABOUR AND SOCIAL

WELFARE ON AN INQUIRY INTO THE WELFARE OF WORKERS IN

EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES (EPZS) IN MOMBASA AND KILIFI

COUNTIES.

(The Chairperson, Standing Committee of Labour and Social Welfare) …………./Appendix

(No. 102) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2024 (MORNING SITTING) (1960)

iv.

REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEVOLUTION AND

INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS ON ITS INQUIRY INTO PERSONAL

SECURITY CONCERNS RAISED BY HON. PHILOMENA KAPKORY,

DEPUTY GOVERNOR, TRANS NZOIA COUNTY

(The Chairperson, Standing Committee on Devolution and Intergovernmental Relations)

v.

REPORTS OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEVOLUTION AND

INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS ON ITS INQUIRY INTO THE STATE

OF MARKETS IN VIHIGA AND BUNGOMA COUNTIES ARISING FROM A

STATEMENT SOUGHT BY SEN. GODFREY OSOTSI, MP AND SEN. DAVID

WAKOLI, MP

(The Chairperson, Standing Committee on Devolution and Intergovernmental Relations)

vi.

DEVELOPMENT

OF

A

POLICY

AND

LAW

FOR

SOCIAL

RISK

MANAGEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN

KENYA

(Sen. Catherine Mumma, MP)

vii.

CONSOLIDATION OF BURSARY FUNDS FOR EQUITABLE ACCESS TO

EDUCATION IN KENYA

(Sen. Karungo Thangwa, MP)

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